Causes of HIV virus

Causes of HIV virus How was the HIV virus spread to humans?

There is some suggestions that poachers may have killed the HIV infected chimps and then eaten them or even had sex with them. Another extremely controversial theory is that HIV was spread via the polio vaccine. Human immune deficiency virus has now spread to every part of the country. It has infected more than 40 million people throughout the world. In USA about 1.1 million of people are patients HIV/AIDS (acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome) is first time come to reorganization 1981 in New York City. Slowly this infection spreads out throughout the world and infected millions of people. AIDS gives way to the problem that result body doesn’t fight with the diseases of the body.

In Africa AIDS is caused by the malnutrition. Release of endogenous cortical and sometimes by opportunistic diseases. A lymphoid tissue Atrophy has been observed in HIV negative people suffering from malnutrition. HIV virus may be transfer through blood and blood products that you receive in blood transfusions. Whole blood, packed red cells and fresh frozen plasma and platelets come to this category. If the blood of an infected person transferred to normal person may affected HIV virus. Some of the reasons are given below; 1.If two persons shared the same needle and syringes to inject drugs, for tattoo or piercing, there may be chance of infection of HIV. 2.If mother is the patient of AIDS then chances of having same disease increases in the new born child as child can be infected during pregnancy or at the time of breast feeding. 3.People who already have a sexually transmitted disease, such as syphilis, genital herpes, Chlamydia infection, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis are more likely to acquire HIV infection during unprotected sex with an infected partner.

You may be caused by this disease if you share sexual devices without washing or covered with condom. 4.If the infected person’s blood, semen or vaginal secretions enter normal person’s body he may be caused by the HIV. 5.Transmission of the virus between HIV positive people and health care workers through needle sticks is low. Experts put the risk at far less than 1 percent. 6.The virus may be transmitted through organ or tissue transplant or unsterilized dental or any surgical equipment. 7.People who inject illegal drugs, and share needles, are also at risk from getting the HIV virus. The condition can also be spread from a mother to her unborn child. However, medicines can now be used to prevent this from happening. The HIV virus breaks down genetic code of cells used by our immune system particularly the cells known as CD4 cells, and then uses the raw of genetic material to make copies of itself. The body can make more CD4 cells, but eventually the HIV virus will reduce the numbers of CD4 cells to such an extent that immune system will stop working.The virus attacks specific lymphocytes called T helper cells (also known as T-cells), takes them over, and multiplies. This destroys more T-cells, which damages the body's ability to fight off invading germs and disease.

A healthy, uninfected person usually has 800 to 1,200 CD4+ T cells per cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. During HIV infection, the number of these cells in a person's blood progressively declines. When a person's CD4+ T cell count falls below 200/mm3, he or she becomes particularly vulnerable to the opportunistic infections and cancers that typify AIDS, the end stage of HIV disease. People with AIDS often suffer infections of the lungs, intestinal tract, brain, eyes and other organs, as well as debilitating weight loss, diarrhea, neurological conditions and cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma and certain types of lymphomas. When the number of T-cells falls to a very low level, people with HIV become more susceptible to other infections and they may get certain types of cancer that a healthy body would normally be able to fight off. This weakened immunity (or immune deficiency) is known as AIDS and can result in severe life-threatening infections, some forms of cancer, and the deterioration of the nervous system. Although AIDS is always the result of an HIV infection, not everyone with HIV has AIDS. In fact, adults who become infected with HIV may appear healthy for years before they get sick with AIDS.

The first case of AIDS was reported in 1981, but the disease may have existed unrecognized for many years before that. HIV infection leading to AIDS has been a major cause of illness and death among children, teens, and young adults worldwide. AIDS has been the sixth leading cause of death in the United States among 15- to 24-year-olds since 1991.In recent years, AIDS infection rates have been increasing rapidly among teens and young adults. Half of all new HIV infections in the United States occur in people who are under 25 years old; thousands of teens acquire new HIV infections each year. Most new HIV cases in younger people are transmitted through unprotected sex; one third of these cases are from injection drug usage via the sharing of dirty, blood-contaminated needles. Among children, most cases of AIDS â€" and almost all new HIV infections â€" resulted from transmission of the HIV virus from the mother to her child during pregnancy, birth, or through breastfeeding. Fortunately, medicines currently given to HIV-positive pregnant women have reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission tremendously in the United States. These drugs (discussed in detail in the Drug Treatments section of this article) are also used to slow or reduce some of the effects of the disease in people who are already infected. Unfortunately, these medicines have not been readily available worldwide, particularly in the poorer nations hardest hit by the epidemic. Providing access to these life-saving treatments has become an issue of global importance.

Most scientists think that HIV causes AIDS by directly inducing the death of CD4+ T cells or interfering with their normal function, and by triggering other events that weaken a person's immune function. For example, the network of signaling molecules that normally regulates a person's immune response is disrupted during HIV disease, impairing a person's ability to fight other infections. The HIV-mediated destruction of the lymph nodes and related immunologic organs also plays a major role in causing the immunosuppressant seen in people with AIDS.

The great tragedy is that this failure to determine the root cause of HIV is a seemingly insurmountable obstacle in finding either a cure or even a vaccine



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