Scoliosis

Scoliosis refers to condition in which the spine curves abnormally from
side to side rather than being straight. The spine may
also be twisted (rotated). Scoliosis usually occurs in
the mid back (thoracic spine ) or lower back.

There are two types of scoliosis : nonstructural and
structural.

Nonstructural scoliosis involves a curve in the spine,
without rotation, that is reversible because it is
caused by an underlying condition such as:

•Pain or a muscle spasm.
•An inflammatory condition, such as appendicitis.
•A difference in leg length.

Structural scoliosis involves a curve in the spine,
with rotation, that is irreversible and is usually
caused by an unknown factor (idiopathic) or a disease
or condition such as:

•Birth (congenital) disorders, like spina bifida, in
which the spinal canal does not close properly, or a
disorder that affects the formation of bones. Between
5% and 7% of scoliosis cases are caused by congenital
abnormalities of the spine, which cause curves in the
spine that are more rigid than those from idiopathic
scoliosis. These curves often increase as the child
grows.

•Nerve or muscle disorders, like cerebral palsy,
Marfan's syndrome, or muscular dystrophy.
•Injuries.
•Infections.
•Tumors.